U.S. Multinational Services Companies: Effects of Foreign Affiliate Activity on U.S. Employment

This working paper examines the effect that U.S. services firms’ establishment abroad has on domestic employment. Whereas many papers have explored the employment effects of foreign direct investment in manufacturing, few have explored the effects of services investment. We find that services multinationals’ activities abroad increase U.S. employment by promoting intrafirm exports from parent firms to their foreign affiliates. These exports support jobs at the parents’ headquarters and throughout their U.S. supply chains. Our findings are principally based on economic research and econometric analysis performed by Commission staff, services trade and investment data published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, and employment data collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In the aggregate, we find that services activities abroad support nearly 700,000 U.S. jobs. Case studies of U.S. multinationals in the banking, computer, logistics, and retail industries provide the global dimensions of U.S. MNC operations and identify domestic employment effects associated with foreign affiliate activity in each industry

An Overview and Examination of the Indian Services Sector

India’s service sector has grown rapidly since the 1990s. Domestic demand for services has increased as incomes have risen, triggering the expansion of industries such as banking, education, and telecommunications. Exports have also increased rapidly, led by information technology and business process outsourcing (IT-BPO). India’s ability to offer low-cost, high-quality IT-BPO services has made it a world leader in this industry. However, employment in services has not grown as quickly as output. The majority of India’s jobseekers are low-skilled, but demand for workers is growing fastest in higher-skill industries. The supply of highly-skilled workers has not kept pace with demand, causing wages to increase faster for these workers than for lower-skilled ones. India’s government has supported the growth of service industries through a mix of deregulation, liberalization, and incentive programs, such as the Software Technology Parks of India. Nevertheless, burdensome regulations, poor infrastructure, and foreign investment restrictions continue to affect service firms’ ability to do business. USITC analysis suggests that additional liberalization would lead to an increase in India’s imports of services

Organic Chemistry: A Call to Action for Diversity and Inclusion

By now, most of us in the field of organic chemistry have become aware of the recent Perspective Article by Hudlicky published on the Angewandte Chemie, International Edition website(1) and then quickly removed as a result of rapid and strong denunciation on social media and in other forums. We have had complex emotional responses to the opinions expressed in this piece regarding the effects of diversity and inclusion efforts in chemistry: anger, that such regressive views were provided a platform in one of our leading chemistry journals; surprise, that the piece made it through the peer review process; and disappointment, that these views continue to persist, despite our hope that the climate for researchers in organic chemistry had improved since we were all trainees

Organic Chemistry: A Call to Action for Diversity and Inclusion

By now, most of us in the field of organic chemistry have become aware of the recent Perspective Article by Hudlicky published on the Angewandte Chemie, International Edition website(1) and then quickly removed as a result of rapid and strong denunciation on social media and in other forums. We have had complex emotional responses to the opinions expressed in this piece regarding the effects of diversity and inclusion efforts in chemistry: anger, that such regressive views were provided a platform in one of our leading chemistry journals; surprise, that the piece made it through the peer review process; and disappointment, that these views continue to persist, despite our hope that the climate for researchers in organic chemistry had improved since we were all trainees

Organic Chemistry: A Call to Action for Diversity and Inclusion

By now, most of us in the field of organic chemistry have become aware of the recent Perspective Article by Hudlicky published on the Angewandte Chemie, International Edition website(1) and then quickly removed as a result of rapid and strong denunciation on social media and in other forums. We have had complex emotional responses to the opinions expressed in this piece regarding the effects of diversity and inclusion efforts in chemistry: anger, that such regressive views were provided a platform in one of our leading chemistry journals; surprise, that the piece made it through the peer review process; and disappointment, that these views continue to persist, despite our hope that the climate for researchers in organic chemistry had improved since we were all trainees

Organic Chemistry: A Call to Action for Diversity and Inclusion

By now, most of us in the field of organic chemistry have become aware of the recent Perspective Article by Hudlicky published on the Angewandte Chemie, International Edition website(1) and then quickly removed as a result of rapid and strong denunciation on social media and in other forums. We have had complex emotional responses to the opinions expressed in this piece regarding the effects of diversity and inclusion efforts in chemistry: anger, that such regressive views were provided a platform in one of our leading chemistry journals; surprise, that the piece made it through the peer review process; and disappointment, that these views continue to persist, despite our hope that the climate for researchers in organic chemistry had improved since we were all trainees